13~19岁的女孩普遍接触网络上的美容内容，这些内容推广的产品并不适合年轻肌肤——即便她们并未主动搜索美容相关信息。此外，她们认为其他女孩（而非自己）可能会因这些视频产生容貌焦虑。这项研究由拉德堡德大学的传播学专家Serena Daalmans及其同事完成。
Girls between the ages of 13 and 19 are widely exposed to beauty content online that promotes products unsuitable for young skin—even when they are not actively seeking beauty-related information. Moreover, they believe that other girls (rather than themselves) may become insecure as a result of these videos. This is shown by research conducted by communication scientist Serena Daalmans and her colleagues at Radboud University.
Daalmans的一位硕士生Ela van Duffelen曾在一家全国性美容连锁店工作，经常有母亲请她向12岁的女儿解释某些日霜对年轻肌肤有害。
One of Daalmans' master's students, Ela van Duffelen, worked at a national beauty chain and was frequently asked by mothers to explain to their 12-year-old daughters that certain day creams are harmful to young skin.
Daalmans解释道：“Ela不得不告诉这些小女孩，这类面霜并不适合她们这么年幼的肌肤使用，甚至可能造成严重伤害。这些女孩看到社交媒体上的网红展示产品后，自己也想要尝试。”
Daalmans explains, "Ela had to tell these young girls that such creams are not intended for skin at such a young age and can even cause considerable damage. These girls had seen influencers demonstrate products on social media and wanted to try them themselves."
这些经历，加上皮肤科医生对此类内容日益增长的媒体关注，促使van Duffelen选择这一主题作为她的毕业研究课题，并由Daalmans担任导师。
These experiences, together with growing media attention from dermatologists concerned about this content, led van Duffelen to choose this topic for her graduation research, which was supervised by Daalmans.
Changing beauty standards and social media
长久以来，人们已知晓年轻女孩在社交媒体上会面对理想身材的形象。“相对较新的现象，”Daalmans指出，“是当前视频展示了如何'完美'面容可以被塑造出来。”这也制造了难以企及的期望。“我们研究中的女孩们意识到自己无法达到这种理想状态，但她们依然渴望拥有。”尽管这些女孩表示，展示完美面容的视频并未让她们感到不安，但她们担心其他同龄人可能会有此感受。
It has long been known that young girls are confronted with images of the ideal body on social media. "What is relatively new," says Daalmans, 'is that current videos show how a 'perfect' face can supposedly be created." This, too, creates unattainable expectations. "The girls in our study are aware that they cannot achieve this ideal, but they still desire it." While the girls stated that videos featuring perfect faces did not make them feel insecure, they did fear that other peers might feel that way.
在这项研究中，研究人员采访了16名13~19岁的女孩，了解她们在网上接触到的内容以及观看美妆视频时的想法。“我们发现即使女孩们没有主动搜索这类内容，仍会接触到面部美容视频——尤其是通过TikTok平台。她们不知不觉就陷入了以美妆为核心的算法推送中。”一旦接触到这些视频，女孩们普遍表现出欣赏态度。“她们喜欢观看这类视频，形容其美丽、有趣，有时纯粹觉得娱乐性强。”
For the study, the researchers interviewed sixteen girls aged between 13 and 19 about the content they encounter online and their thoughts when viewing beauty videos. "We found that even when girls are not actively searching for such content, they are still exposed to facial beauty videos—particularly via TikTok. They unknowingly end up in a beauty-focused algorithm." Once exposed, the girls generally appreciated the videos. "They enjoyed watching them, describing them as beautiful, interesting, and sometimes simply entertaining."
Mixed reactions and concerns about influence
女孩们对这些视频的评价褒贬不一。很大一部分人认为视频制作者主要是为了帮助观众才制作这些内容，但同时也意识到视频中展现的标准难以企及，并不认为自己能达到创作者的外貌水平。她们还认为其他女孩可能会因此产生不安全感，进而感到必须模仿这些网红。此外，观看视频后，女孩们表示更倾向于购买某些产品并尝试新的美容方法。
The girls' evaluations of the videos were divided. A large proportion believed that the creators made the videos primarily to help viewers. At the same time, they recognized that the expectations portrayed were unattainable and did not believe they could ever look like the creators. They also thought that other girls might become insecure and feel compelled to imitate the influencers. Additionally, after watching the videos, the girls reported feeling more inclined to purchase certain products and try out beauty routines.
Daalmans总结道：“总而言之，无论是作为研究者还是母亲，我都对此深感忧虑。这套审美算法无处不在，几乎无法逃脱，而它所塑造的完美面容标准却极度单一。所有创作者看起来都如出一辙——没有一丝皱纹或瑕疵，这种完美根本遥不可及。年轻女孩们无法避开这类内容，她们被迫追求视频中那种完美面孔，尽管这种标准完全脱离现实。”
Daalmans concludes, "All in all, I find this quite worrying—both as a researcher and as a mother. The beauty algorithm is so omnipresent that it is almost impossible to escape, and the image of the perfect face is extremely homogeneous. All the creators look the same, without a scratch or blemish—completely unattainable. Girls cannot avoid this content and feel pressured to strive for the same perfect face they see in these videos, even though the standard being presented is entirely unrealistic."
论文标题：Get ready with me to achieve the perfect face: a qualitative study into meaning-making of facial beauty content on social media by Dutch girls and young women
作者：Ela van Duffelen, Rhanna Haverkort, Doeschka Anschütz, Serena Daalmans
期刊：Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
数字识别码：10.1057/s41599-025-06410-6
